Dynamical influence of cosmic rays on cosmic structures

There are growing interests in the roles of relativistic particles, or cosmic-rays (CRs), in cosmology. Those CRs may provide not only unique and vital diagnostic information through their emissions, but may also influence the formation and dynamics of cosmic structures if they constitute a dynamically significant component. We report here simulations of cosmic structure formation that include CRs explicitly. Two origins of CRs are considered: diffusive acceleration at cosmic shock waves and injection from black holes in active galactic nuclei. We describe the dynamical influence of CRs and its cosmological implications.