Effects of Obliquely Incident Waves on Overtopping for Vertical Walls

In determination of the crest height of a vertical structure against attacking of obliquely incident waves, most of existing studies have suggested to use the overtopping reduction factor due to incident angles. However, they have not considered the amplification of wave heights and the spatial distribution of wave overtopping. In this study, a spatial distribution of wave overtopping along a vertical structure is experimentally investigated and also the wave overtopping reduction factors (gamma) for incident wave angle is suggested. When the incident angle becomes larger, the wave overtopping reduction factor decreases almost linearly. EurOtop (2007) suggested the constant gamma for beta>45 degrees, however the decreasing gamma was calculated from this study.