Antineoplastic activity of the multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors CLM3 and CLM94 in medullary thyroid cancer in vitro

Background. We report the antineoplastic and anti-angiogenic activity of the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative CLM3 and the cyclic amide CLM94, both multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), in human primary medullary thyroid cancer (P-MTC) cells, and in vitro in the medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) cell lines TT (harboring a RET C634W activating mutation) and MZ-CRC-1 (carrying the MEN2B RET mutation Met891Thr). Methods. The antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of CLM3 and CLM94 (I, 5, 10, 30, and 50 mu mol/L) were tested in P-MTC cells obtained at operation, and in TT cells. In addition, the antiproliferative effects of CLM3 and CLM94 (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, and 5 mu mol/L) were tested in TT and MZ-CRC-1 cells after 7 days of treatment to compare the results with those previously reported in the literature. Results. CLM3 and CLM94 (30 or 50 mu mol/L) inhibited (P < .01) the proliferation of the P-MTC cells, TT cells, and MZ-CRC-1 cells and increased the level of apaptosis in a dose-dependent manner at 10, 30, and 50 mu mol/L (P < .001), while having no effect on migration or invasion. The inhibition of proliferation by CLM3 and CLM94 was similar among P-MTC cells with/without RET mutations, and similar effects were observed regarding the increased level of apoptosis. Furthermore, CLM3 and CLM94 significantly decreased vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression in TT cells. Conclusion. The antitumor activities of the multiple TKIs CLM3 and CLM94 were demonstrated in both primary MTC cultures as well as 2 established MTC cell lines in vitro, opening an avenue for future clinical evaluations.