Prenatal inflammation-induced NF-κB dyshomeostasis contributes to renin-angiotensin system overactivity resulting in prenatally programmed hypertension in offspring

Studies involving the use of prenatally programmed hypertension have been shown to potentially contribute to prevention of essential hypertension (EH). Our previous research has demonstrated that prenatal inflammatory stimulation leads to offspring's aortic dysfunction and hypertension in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The present study found that prenatal LPS exposure led to NF-kappa B dyshomeostasis from fetus to adult, which was characterized by PI3K-Akt activation mediated degradation of I kappa B alpha protein and impaired NF-kappa B self-negative feedback loop mediated less newly synthesis of I kappa B alpha mRNA in thoracic aortas (gestational day 20, postnatal week 7 and 16). Prenatal or postnatal exposure of the I kappa B alpha degradation inhibitor, pyrollidine dithiocarbamate, effectively blocked NF-kappa B activation, endothelium dysfunction, and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) over-activity in thoracic aortas, resulting in reduced blood pressure in offspring that received prenatal exposure to LPS. Surprisingly, NF-kappa B dyshomeostasis and RAS over-activity were only found in thoracic aortas but not in superior mesenteric arteries. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the early life NF-kappa B dyshomeostasis induced by prenatal inflammatory exposure plays an essential role in the development of EH through triggering RAS over-activity. We conclude that early life NF-kappa B dyshomeostasis is a key predictor of EH, and thus, NF-kappa B inhibition represents an effective interventional strategy for EH prevention.