Cosmetic dermatitis - current perspectives

Background Increasing use of cosmetics by modern society has contributed alarming to an rise in the incidence of cosmetic dermatitis (CD). The causative agents are skin, hair, nail and eye cosmetics. Reported cases of cosmetic dermatitis represent only the tip of the iceberg, as most patients who experience an adverse reaction to cosmetics do not consult a physician but discontinue using the suspected items. Methods A comprehensive history followed by adequate clinical examination and patch test is important to diagnose reaction to cosmetics. In addition other tests like Repeated Open Application Test (ROAT), usage test, elimination test and safety test are important, as many cosmetics and their ingredients are either weak allergens or irritants. Results A wide variety of adverse reactions to cosmetics are seen which are of both irritant and allergic type. Pattern of CD varies in different parts of the world depending upon the type and frequency of different cosmetics used. Reactions are more commonly seen in females of younger age and the face is the most common site. Conclusions Though prevention is better than cure, but cosmetics have definitely infiltrated into our life style. We cannot prevent use of cosmetics but can only limit their use by educating their users and helping them in judicious selection of the required cosmetics.