Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis capitis in Australian preschool-aged children. Design: A stratified cross-sectional skin survey using cluster sampling of centers throughout Victoria, Australia. Setting: The study population included children attending child care centers, preschools, and Maternal and Child Health Centers, with the reference population being Australian children 5 years and younger. Participants: Of the 1634 childern in the orginal sample, 1116 childern aged 11 days to 5 years 11 months were included in the study. Intervention: Parents completed a questionnaire recording demographic information and personal and family history of skin problems and related diseases. A dermatologist preformed a total skin examination, including the diaper area for childern younger than 12 months. Main Outcome Measured: The age- and sex-specific prevalence rates and site and severity of seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasia capitis were measured. Results: The overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis was 10.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.2%-11.7%): 10.4% (95% CI, 7.8%-12.9%) in boys and 9.5% (95% CI, 7.0%-12.0%) in girls. This was highest in the first 3 months Of life, decreasing rapidly by the age of I year, after which it slowly decreased over the next 4 years, Most (71.9%) had disease classified as minimal to mild. Pityriasis capitis occurred in 41.7% (95% CI, 38.8%-44.6%) of the IIIb children examined, With 85.8% categorized as minimal to mild only. Conclusions: Seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis capitis are common in early childhood. Most children have minimal to mild disease that would require little if,my treatment, Education programs directed at those caring for preschool-aged children are needed to provide information on simple preventative measure,; and treatment, if necessary. that could easily reduce the morbidity associated with these very common conditions.
