High-speed communications enabling real-time video for battlefield commanders using tracked FSO

Free Space Optics (FSO) technology is currently in use to solve the last-mile problem in telecommunication systems by offering higher bandwidth than wired or wireless connections when optical fiber is not available. Incorporating mobility into FSO technology can contribute to growth in its utility. Tracking and alignment are two big challenges for mobile FSO communications. In this paper, we present a theoretical approach for mobile FSO networks between Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), manned aerial vehicles, and ground vehicles. We introduce tracking algorithms for achieving Line of Sight (LOS) connectivity and present analytical results. Two scenarios are studied in this paper: 1 - An unmanned aerial surveillance vehicle, the Global Hawk, with a stationary ground vehicle, an M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank, and 2 - a manned aerial surveillance vehicle, the E-3A Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS), with an unmanned combat aerial vehicle, the Joint Unmanned Combat Air System (J-UCAS). After initial vehicle locations have been coordinated, the tracking algorithm will steer the gimbals to maintain connectivity between the two vehicles and allow high-speed communications to occur. Using this algorithm, data, voice, and video can be sent via the FSO connection from one vehicle to the other vehicle.