Brain reserve, cognitive reserve, compensation, and maintenance: operationalization, validity, and mechanisms of cognitive resilience

被引：301
作者：
Stern, Yaakov [1 ]
Barnes, Carol A. [2 ,3 ,4 ]
Grady, Cheryl [5 ,6 ,7 ]
Jones, Richard N. [8 ,9 ]
Raz, Naftali [10 ,11 ,12 ]
机构：
[1] Columbia Univ, Dept Neurol, Cognit Neurosci Div, New York, NY USA
[2] Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
[3] Univ Arizona, Dept Neurol & Neurosci, Tucson, AZ USA
[4] Univ Arizona, Evelyn F McKnight Brain Inst, Tucson, AZ USA
[5] Univ Toronto, Baycrest Ctr, Rotman Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada
[6] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON, Canada
[7] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada
[8] Brown Univ, Dept Neurol, Providence, RI 02912 USA
[9] Brown Univ, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Providence, RI 02912 USA
[10] Wayne State Univ, Inst Gerontol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
[11] Wayne State Univ, Dept Psychol, 71 W Warren Ave, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
[12] Max Planck Inst Human Dev, Ctr Lifespan Psychol, Berlin, Germany
来源：
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING | 2019年 / 83卷
基金：
美国国家卫生研究院; 加拿大健康研究院;
关键词：
Cognitive aging; Measurement; Animal models; MRI; Functional connectivity; WHITE-MATTER INTEGRITY; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; FRONTOPARIETAL CONTROL; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; DORSAL ATTENTION; GREY-MATTER; MEMORY; EDUCATION; DEMENTIA; DECLINE;
D O I：
10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.022
中图分类号：
R592 [老年病学]; C [社会科学总论];
学科分类号：
03 ; 0303 ; 100203 ;
摘要：
Significant individual differences in the trajectories of cognitive aging and in age-related changes of brain structure and function have been reported in the past half-century. In some individuals, significant pathological changes in the brain are observed in conjunction with relatively well-preserved cognitive performance. Multiple constructs have been invoked to explain this paradox of resilience, including brain reserve, cognitive reserve, brain maintenance, and compensation. The aim of this session of the Cognitive Aging Summit III was to examine the overlap and distinctions in definitions and measurement of these constructs, to discuss their neural and behavioral correlates and to propose plausible mechanisms of individual cognitive resilience in the face of typical age-related neural declines. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码：124 / 129
页数：6
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