Polymorphism at a mimicry supergene maintained by opposing frequency-dependent selection pressures

被引:57
作者
Chouteau, Mathieu [1 ]
Llaurens, Violaine [2 ]
Piron-Prunier, Florence [2 ]
Joron, Mathieu [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Montpellier 3, Univ Montpellier, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175,CNRS,Ecole Prat Hautes Etud, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France
[2] Univ Paris 06, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Inst Systemat Evolut Biodivers, UMR 7205,CNRS,Ecole Prat Hautes Etud, F-75005 Paris, France
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 欧洲研究理事会;
关键词
disassortative mating; selection conflicts; Mullerian mimicry; aposematism; warning signals; SEXUAL SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; WARNING SIGNALS; MAGIC TRAITS; POISON FROG; COLOR; BUTTERFLIES; PATTERNS; DIVERGENCE;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.1702482114
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Explaining the maintenance of adaptive diversity within populations is a long-standing goal in evolutionary biology, with important implications for conservation, medicine, and agriculture. Adaptation often leads to the fixation of beneficial alleles, and therefore it erodes local diversity so that understanding the coexistence of multiple adaptive phenotypes requires deciphering the ecological mechanisms that determine their respective benefits. Here, we show how antagonistic frequency-dependent selection (FDS), generated by natural and sexual selection acting on the same trait, maintains mimicry polymorphism in the toxic butterfly Heliconius numata. Positive FDS imposed by predators on mimetic signals favors the fixation of the most abundant and best-protected wing-pattern morph, thereby limiting polymorphism. However, by using mate-choice experiments, we reveal disassortative mate preferences of the different wing-pattern morphs. The resulting negative FDS on wing-pattern alleles is consistent with the excess of heterozygote genotypes at the supergene locus controlling wing-pattern variation in natural populations of H. numata. The combined effect of positive and negative FDS on visual signals is sufficient to maintain a diversity of morphs displaying accurate mimicry with other local prey, although some of the forms only provide moderate protection against predators. Our findings help understand how alternative adaptive phenotypes can be maintained within populations and emphasize the need to investigate interactions between selective pressures in other cases of puzzling adaptive polymorphism.
引用
收藏
页码:8325 / 8329
页数:5
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