The Impact of Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and Variants on COVID-19 Vaccines

被引：145

作者：

McLean, Gary ^{[1
,2
]}

Kamil, Jeremy ^{[3
]}

Lee, Benhur ^{[4
]}

Moore, Penny ^{[5
,6
]}

Schulz, Thomas F. ^{[7
,8
,9
]}

Muik, Alexander ^{[10
]}

Sahin, Ugur ^{[10
]}

Tureci, Ozlem ^{[10
]}

Pather, Shanti ^{[10
]}

机构：

[1] London Metropolitan Univ, Sch Human Sci, London, England

[2] Imperial Coll London, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, London, England

[3] Louisiana State Univ Hlth, Shreveport, LA USA

[4] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA

[5] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr HIV & STIs, Johannesburg, South Africa

[6] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Pathol, MRC Antibody Immun Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa

[7] Hannover Med Sch, Inst Virol, Hannover, Germany

[8] Cluster Excellence 2155 RESIST, Hannover, Germany

[9] German Ctr Infect Res, Hannover Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany

[10] BioNTech, Mainz, Germany

来源：

MBIO | 2022年 / 13卷 / 02期

基金：

新加坡国家研究基金会; 美国国家卫生研究院; 英国医学研究理事会;

关键词：

SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; vaccines; mutation; variant; SPIKE PROTEIN; ANTIBODY; CORONAVIRUS; B.1.1.7; NEUTRALIZATION; RECOMBINATION; INFECTION; B.1.617.2; B.1.351; BINDING;

D O I：

10.1128/mbio.02979-21

中图分类号：

Q93 [微生物学];

学科分类号：

071005 ; 100705 ;

摘要：

The emergence of several new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the potential impact on ongoing vaccination programs. Data from clinical trials and real-world evidence suggest that current vaccines remain highly effective against the alpha variant (B.1.1.7), while some vaccines have reduced efficacy and effectiveness against symptomatic disease caused by the beta variant (B.1.351) and the delta variant (B.1.617.2); however, effectiveness against severe disease and hospitalization caused by delta remains high. Although data on the effectiveness of the primary regimen against omicron (B.1.1.529) are limited, booster programs using mRNA vaccines have been shown to restore protection against infection and symptomatic disease (regardless of the vaccine used for the primary regimen) and maintain high effectiveness against hospitalization. However, effectiveness against infection and symptomatic disease wanes with time after the booster dose. Studies have demonstrated reductions of varying magnitude in neutralizing activity of vaccine-elicited antibodies against a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants, with the omicron variant in particular exhibiting partial immune escape. However, evidence suggests that T-cell responses are preserved across vaccine platforms, regardless of variant of concern. Nevertheless, various mitigation strategies are under investigation to address the potential for reduced efficacy or effectiveness against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants, including modification of vaccines for certain variants (including omicron), multivalent vaccine formulations, and different delivery mechanisms. The emergence of several new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the potential impact on ongoing vaccination programs. Data from clinical trials and real-world evidence suggest that current vaccines remain highly effective against the alpha variant (B.1.1.7), while some vaccines have reduced efficacy and effectiveness against symptomatic disease caused by the beta variant (B.1.351) and the delta variant (B.1.617.2); however, effectiveness against severe disease and hospitalization caused by delta remains high.

引用

页数：24