High-Bandwidth and Large Coupling Tolerance Graded-Index Multimode Polymer Waveguides for On-Board High-Speed Optical Interconnects

被引:35
作者
Chen, Jian [1 ]
Bamiedakis, Nikolaos [1 ]
Vasil'ev, Peter P. [1 ]
Edwards, Tom J. [2 ]
Brown, Christian T. A. [2 ]
Penty, Richard V. [1 ]
White, Ian H. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Cambridge, Elect Engn Div, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB3 0FA, England
[2] Univ St Andrews, SUPA, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland
基金
英国工程与自然科学研究理事会;
关键词
Multimode waveguides; optical interconnections; polymer waveguides; waveguide dispersion; FIBER; CHALLENGES; CORES;
D O I
10.1109/JLT.2015.2500611
中图分类号
TM [电工技术]; TN [电子技术、通信技术];
学科分类号
0808 ; 0809 ;
摘要
Optical interconnects have attracted significant research interest for use in short-reach board-level optical communication links in supercomputers and data centers. Multimode polymer waveguides in particular constitute an attractive technology for on-board optical interconnects, as they provide high bandwidth, offer relaxed alignment tolerances, and can be cost-effectively integrated onto standard printed circuit boards (PCBs). However, the continuing improvements in bandwidth performance of optical sources make it important to investigate approaches to develop high-bandwidth polymer waveguides. In this paper, we present dispersion studies on a graded-index (GI) waveguide in siloxane materials designed to deliver high bandwidth over a range of launch conditions. Bandwidth-length products of >70 and similar to 65 GHz x m are observed using a 50/125 mu m multimode fibre (MMF) launch for input offsets of +/- 10 mu m without and with the use of a mode mixer (MM), respectively; and enhanced values of >100 GHz x m are found under a 10x microscope objective launch for input offsets of similar to 18 x 20 mu m(2). The large range of offsets is within the -1 dB alignment tolerances. A theoretical model is developed using the measured refractive index profile of the waveguide, and general agreement is found with experimental bandwidth measurements. The reported results clearly demonstrate the potential of this technology for use in high-speed board-level optical links, and indicate that data transmission of 100 Gb/s over a multimode polymer waveguide is feasible with appropriate refractive index engineering.
引用
收藏
页码:2934 / 2940
页数:7
相关论文
共 39 条
[1]  
Bamiedakis N., 2015, C LAS EL SAN JOS CA
[2]  
Bamiedakis N., 2008, MULTIMODE POLYM WAVE
[3]   40 Gb/s Data Transmission Over a 1-m-Long Multimode Polymer Spiral Waveguide for Board-Level Optical Interconnects [J].
Bamiedakis, Nikolaos ;
Chen, Jian ;
Westbergh, Petter ;
Gustavsson, Johan S. ;
Larsson, Anders ;
Penty, Richard V. ;
White, Ian H. .
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, 2015, 33 (04) :882-888
[4]   Cost-Effective Multimode Polymer Waveguides for High-Speed On-Board Optical Interconnects [J].
Bamiedakis, Nikolaos ;
Beals, Joseph, IV ;
Penty, Richard V. ;
White, Ian H. ;
DeGroot, Jon V., Jr. ;
Clapp, Terry V. .
IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 2009, 45 (04) :415-424
[5]   Exploitation of optical interconnects in future server architectures [J].
Benner, AF ;
Ignatowski, M ;
Kash, JA ;
Kuchta, DM ;
Ritter, MB .
IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 2005, 49 (4-5) :755-775
[6]  
Boeuf F., 2012, 2012 International Semiconductor Conference Dresden-Grenoble (ISCDG) - formerly known as the Semiconductor Conference Dresden (SCD 2012), P87, DOI 10.1109/ISCDG.2012.6359986
[7]  
Chacinski M., 2013, OPT FIB COMM C EXP N
[8]   Power comparison between high-speed electrical and optical interconnects for interchip communication [J].
Cho, H ;
Kapur, P ;
Saraswat, KC .
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, 2004, 22 (09) :2021-2033
[9]   3-D integrated heterogeneous intra-chip free-space optical interconnect [J].
Ciftcioglu, Berkehan ;
Berman, Rebecca ;
Wang, Shang ;
Hu, Jianyun ;
Savidis, Ioannis ;
Jain, Manish ;
Moore, Duncan ;
Huang, Michael ;
Friedman, Eby G. ;
Wicks, Gary ;
Wu, Hui .
OPTICS EXPRESS, 2012, 20 (04) :4331-4345
[10]  
Cunningham D., 1999, Gigabit Ethernet Networking