A Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Based on the EPR Pairs and its Simulation

A novel quantum key distribution protocol based on the entanglement and dense coding is proposed, in which the memory of the quantum state is not needed. Every four particles are divided into a group, in which {(1,2),(3,4)} or {(1,3),(2,4)} are in entanglement. Some of the groups are used to transmit the message, and the others are used to check for the eavesdropping. In the message mode, the authorized party, who does not need to know the specific location information of the group, can make the unitary operation to the first and the fourth of the group. In addition, the trade-off between the information and the disturbance is calculated under the intercept-measure-resend attack and the entanglement-measure attack, which proves that the protocol is asymptotically secure. Moreover, the quantum circuit simulation of the protocol is shown.