A generic approach to water minimisation and reuse in industry - implications in dairy operations

Within the Danish Centre for Industrial Water Management (CEVI) a generic method concept for identification, evaluation and implementation of water reuse and resource recovery scenarios has been developed. To assist the different phases of the concept, a number of generic tools have been developed and evaluated. The tools cover spreadsheets for systematic data collection, Water-Pinch analysis, process simulation, and tools and checklists for technical, economic, environmental and robustness evaluation of scenarios. This includes a hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) approach to ensure that assessment of risks of microbial contamination of products and production environment is included in the design of water reuse systems.