Erythroderma: a clinico-etiologic study of 90 cases

Background The difficulty with erythroderma lies in finding the underlying cause. Almost all the published original clinical series of erythroderma originate from western countries, Our aim was to evaluate various causes of exfoliative dermatitis in our community and compare the findings with previous studies. Methods Ninety patients with erythroderma of either sex and any age, were studied at the Dermatology Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, between April 1992 and May 1995. A thorough clinical examination and relevant laboratory investigations, including skin biopsies, were performed. Results The mean age of onset was 41.6 years with a male : female ratio of 2.8 : 1. The onset was acute in 69% of patients. The salient features included nail changes (80%), mucosal involvement (36.6%), alopecia (30%), islands of normal skin (14.4%), and the "deck chair sign" (5.5%). The most frequent cause of erythroderma was pre-existing dermatoses (74.4%), including psoriasis (37.8%), dermatitis (12.2%), ichthyoses (7.8%), and pemphigus foliaceus (5.6%). Drugs and malignancy each induced erythroderma in 5.5% of cases. No cause could be found in 14.6% of cases. Conclusions Etiologically, pre-existing dermatoses showed the highest incidence and drugs the lowest compared with previous studies. Dermatitis was less common. There was a greater variety of causes of erythroderma in our series. Hair and nails were more frequently involved. Mucosal involvement, not mentioned in other studies, was present in 36.6% of our cases. The "deck chair sign" and islands of normal skin were seen in dermatoses not reported previously.