Renewable energy integrated multi-microgrid load frequency control using grey wolf optimization algorithm

This paper studied the load frequency control (LFC) of a two-area multi-microgrid (MMG) system with a tie-line. The mathematical model of MMG consists of biodiesel engine generator, battery energy storage system, solar photovoltaic, mini-hydro plant, biogas turbine generator, and multi-load perturbation. Most of the generation sources are based on renewable energy sources, which are very irregular in behavior. In this system, multi-load variation causes the deviation of system frequency and imbalance of demand and generation. To control the system dynamic frequency response and to balance the demand and generation, proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is used with grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm considering integral square error (ISE) an objective fitness function. To verify the controller efficiency and robustness, the model is solved with the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm and proportional integral (PI) controller also. Further, the reported comparative studies and response analyses validate the superiority of the PID controller and GWO algorithm compared to PI controller and CS algorithm. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Developments in Materials, Manufacturing and Energy Engineering.