Cosmological backgrounds of gravitational waves

被引:707
作者
Caprini, Chiara [1 ]
Figueroa, Daniel G. [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, UMR 7164, Lab Astroparticule & Cosmol, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75013 Paris, France
[2] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Particle Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
[3] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Cosmol Inst Phys LPPC, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
基金
欧盟地平线“2020”;
关键词
gravitational waves; cosmology; stochastic background of gravitational waves; early universe; ELECTROWEAK PHASE-TRANSITION; PRE-BIG-BANG; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE SCENARIO; PRIMORDIAL BLACK-HOLES; STANDARD MODEL HIGGS; FLAT DIRECTIONS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DENSITY PERTURBATIONS; BOUNCING COSMOLOGIES; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION;
D O I
10.1088/1361-6382/aac608
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Gravitational waves (GWs) have a great potential to probe cosmology. We review early universe sources that can lead to cosmological backgrounds of GWs. We begin by presenting proper definitions of GWs in flat space-time and in a cosmological setting (section 2). Following, we discuss the reasons why early universe GW backgrounds are of a stochastic nature, and describe the general properties of a stochastic background (section 3). We recap current observational constraints on stochastic backgrounds, and discuss the basic characteristics of present and future GW detectors, including advanced LIGO, advanced Virgo, the Einstein telescope, KAGRA, and LISA (section 4). We then review in detail early universe GW generation mechanisms, as well as the properties of the GW backgrounds they give rise to. We classify the backgrounds in five categories: GWs from quantum vacuum fluctuations during standard slow-roll inflation (section 5), GWs from processes that operate within extensions of the standard inflationary paradigm (section 6), GWs from post-inflationary preheating and related non-perturbative phenomena (section 7), GWs from first order phase transitions related or not to the electroweak symmetry breaking (section 8), and GWs from general topological defects, and from cosmic strings in particular (section 9). The phenomenology of these early universe processes is extremely rich, and some of the GW backgrounds they generate can be within the reach of near-future GW detectors. A future detection of any of these backgrounds will provide crucial information on the underlying high energy theory describing the early universe, probing energy scales well beyond the reach of particle accelerators.
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页数:149
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