Parasites as Drivers and Passengers of Human-Mediated Biological Invasions

被引:49
作者
Blackburn, Tim M. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ]
Ewen, John G. [2 ]
机构
[1] UCL, Dept Genet Evolut & Environm, Ctr Biodivers & Environm Res, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England
[2] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England
[3] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
[4] Univ Adelaide, Environm Inst, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
[5] King Saud Univ, Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, POB 2455, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
[6] Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Bot & Zool, Ctr Invas Biol, Stellenbosch, South Africa
关键词
biotic resistance; enemy release; establishment; non-native species; novel weapons; spread; DARWINS NATURALIZATION CONUNDRUM; NEW-ZEALAND; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; SPECIES INVASIONS; RED SQUIRRELS; SUCCESS; POPULATION; INVADERS; ECOLOGY;
D O I
10.1007/s10393-015-1092-6
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
We provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of parasites in biological invasions by alien species. Parasites have frequently been invoked as drivers of invasions, but have received less attention as invasion passengers. The evidence to date that parasites drive invasions by hosts is weak: while there is abundant evidence that parasites have effects in the context of alien invasions, there is little evidence to suggest that parasites have differential effects on alien species that succeed versus fail in the invasion process. Particular case studies are suggestive but not yet informative about general effects. What evidence there is for parasites as aliens suggests that the same kind of factors determine their success as for non-parasites. Thus, availability is likely to be an important determinant of the probability of translocation. Establishment and spread are likely to depend on propagule pressure and on the environment being suitable (all necessary hosts and vectors are present); the likelihood of both of these dependencies being favourable will be affected by traits relating to parasite life history and demography. The added complication for the success of parasites as aliens is that often this will depend on the success of their hosts. We discuss how these conclusions help us to understand the likely effects of parasites on the success of establishing host populations (alien or native).
引用
收藏
页码:S61 / S73
页数:13
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