Dietary Patterns in Chinese Americans are Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, the Chinese American Cardiovascular Health Assessment (CHA CHA)

Little is known about the dietary patterns of Chinese Americans. Understanding their dietary patterns can provide insights for addressing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Chinese American immigrants. The objective of this study was to identify dietary patterns among Chinese American immigrants living in New York City (NYC) and to describe associations with demographic and CVD risk factors. A validated Food Frequency Questionnaire assessed usual dietary intake in Chinese American immigrants living in NYC as part of the Chinese American Cardiovascular Health Assessment (CHA CHA) in 2010-2011 (n = 1973, age range 21-89 years). Principal components analysis with varimax rotation retaining three factors with eigenvalues > 1.5 identified dietary patterns. Multivariable linear regression models tested associations between CVD risk factors and dietary pattern scores. In multivariable analyses, each unit of increase in the Sweets factor was associated with 0.76 +/- 0.33 (mean +/- SD) mg/dL higher HDL cholesterol and a 6.2 +/- 2.7% increase in HOMA-IR. In contrast, each unit increase in the Fried Noodles factor was associated with a 0.27 +/- 0.11 inch greater waist circumference, - 0.89 +/- 0.40 mg/dL lower HDL cholesterol, and also a 6.9 +/- 2.6% increase in HOMA-IR. Each unit increase in the Vegetables factor was associated with a - 1.40 +/- 0.43 mmHg and - 0.95 +/- 0.27 mm Hg decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Dietary patterns are significantly associated with CVD risk factors among Chinese American immigrants in NYC. Future work will inform how dietary patterns relate to level of acculturation in order to guide the development of dietary interventions to reduce CVD risk.