Orofacial considerations for pediatric, adult, and elderly victims of abuse

Domestic violence against children, adults, and elderly people is common in the United States. Many victims of physical and sexual attacks present to emergency departments seeking treatment for associated injuries. Because the orofacial complex is a common site for nonaccidental injury, emergency medicine physicians must recognize suspicious perioral and intraoral trauma, provide appropriate definitive care, and consult with a dentist when necessary. Timely detection, treatment, and notification of proper authorities may prevent additional severe injury or death.