Adult Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis: Possible Mechanisms for Neurorestoration

被引:34
作者
Rusznak, Zoltan [1 ,4 ]
Henskens, Willem [1 ,2 ]
Schofield, Emma [1 ]
Kim, Woojin S. [1 ,3 ]
Fu, YuHong [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Neurosci Res Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
[2] Univ New South Wales, UNSW Med, Prince Wales Clin Sch, Sydney, NSW, Australia
[3] Univ New South Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
[4] Australian Catholic Univ, Canberra Campus, Lyneham, ACT 2602, Australia
基金
英国医学研究理事会; 美国国家卫生研究院; 澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
Neurogenesis; gliogenesis; aging; neurodegeneration; neurorestoration; NEURAL STEM-CELLS; OLFACTORY-BULB; SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE; HUMAN BRAIN; PROGENITOR CELLS; GLIAL-CELLS; SPINAL-CORD; HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; GROWTH-FACTOR;
D O I
10.5607/en.2016.25.3.103
中图分类号
R-3 [医学研究方法]; R3 [基础医学];
学科分类号
1001 ;
摘要
The subgranular zone (SGZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ) are developmental remnants of the germinal regions of the brain, hence they retain the ability to generate neuronal progenitor cells in adult life. Neurogenesis in adult brain has an adaptive function because newly produced neurons can integrate into and modify existing neuronal circuits. In contrast to the SGZ and SVZ, other brain regions have a lower capacity to produce new neurons, and this usually occurs via parenchymal and periventricular cell genesis. Compared to neurogenesis, gliogenesis occurs more prevalently in the adult mammalian brain. Under certain circumstances, interaction occurs between neurogenesis and gliogenesis, facilitating glial cells to transform into neuronal lineage. Therefore, modulating the balance between neurogenesis and gliogenesis may present a new perspective for neurorestoration, especially in diseases associated with altered neurogenesis and/or gliogenesis, cell loss, or disturbed homeostasis of cellular constitution. The present review discusses important neuroanatomical features of adult neurogenesis and gliogenesis, aiming to explore how these processes could be modulated toward functional repair of the adult brain.
引用
收藏
页码:103 / 112
页数:10
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