Differentiation of velogenic, mesogenic and lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus by multiplex RT PCR

A multiplex RT-PCR technique has been developed for differentiation of velogenic, mesogenic and lentogenic pathotypes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), using a set of three oligonucleotide primers designed from NDV genomic RNA (P1, P2 and P3). The primer pair P1 and P2 generated a RT-PCR product of 204 bp, only with RNA from velogenic and mesogenic strains, whereas the P1 and P3 generated a 364 by product only with RNA from mesogenic and lentogenic strains. Thirty four NDV strains, including some reference strains (known pathotypes), NDV field isolates and NDV vaccine strains, as well as other avian virus strains, were tested with multiplex RT-PCR. All reference strains tested were differentiated in agreement with their intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) values or with the pathotypes known in previous reports. The nucleotide sequence analysis of RT-PCR products for four NDV strains was fully in agreement with the RT-PCR characterisations of these strains. The RTPCR results of other avian RNA viruses further confirmed the reliability and specificity of this technique. However, the RTPCR failed to detect some other avian NDV which may not originate from chicken. This multiplex RT-PCR technique is simple and easy to perform. It could be applied not only to determine the origin of NDV but also may be used diagnostically in molecular epidemiological analysis of ND and for prediction of pathotypes of NDV isolates.