Rare earth element geochemistry of lake sediments from the eastern Nanling Mountain area (South China) and its implication for East Asian monsoon related chemical weathering over the past ∼47 000 years

Chondrite-normalized rare earth element(REE) data of a similar to 47.0-ka lake sedimentary sequence from the Dahu Swamp in the eastern Nanling Mountain area were used to determine climatic variations within the region. These sediments proved to be valuable proxies of climatic changes and their origin is discussed. The influences of grain size, organic matter absorption and Fe-Mn oxides on REE composition were determined to not be significant. The dominant source of sediments was ascertained to be the weathered granite residues from the catchment, enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE). Intensified East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) resulted in intensive chemical weathering, leading to enhanced REE and LREE fractionations in the weathered residues; this caused the increase in REE and LREE, and decrease in heavy rare earth element(HREE) fractionation degrees in the sediment. Therefore, our results indicate that changes in LREE/HREE, (La/Yb)N, (La/Sm)N) and (Gd/Yb)N, the proxies of REE, LREE, and HREE fractionations, can serve as proxies of regional climate-induced chemical weathering and thus serve to constrain EASM changes.