Leaching and extraction of additives from plastic pollution to inform environmental risk: A multidisciplinary review of analytical approaches

被引:188
作者
Bridson, James H. [1 ,3 ]
Gaugler, Evamaria C. [1 ]
Smith, Dawn A. [1 ]
Northcott, Grant L. [2 ]
Gaw, Sally [3 ]
机构
[1] Scion, 49 Sala St, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand
[2] Northcott Res Consultants Ltd, 20 River Oaks Pl, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand
[3] Univ Canterbury, Sch Phys & Chem Sci, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
关键词
Plastic pollution; Microplastic; Plastic additives; Leaching; Ecotoxicology; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PACKAGING MATERIALS; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; CONTACT MATERIALS; TOXIC-CHEMICALS; BISPHENOL-A;
D O I
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125571
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Plastic pollution is prevalent worldwide and has been highlighted as an issue of global concern due to its harmful impacts on wildlife. The extent and mechanism by which plastic pollution effects organisms is poorly understood, especially for microplastics. One proposed mechanism by which plastics may exert a harmful effect is through the leaching of additives. To determine the risk to wildlife, the chemical identity and exposure to additives must be established. However, there are few reports with disparate experimental approaches. In contrast, a breadth of knowledge on additive release from plastics is held within the food, pharmaceutical and medical, construction, and waste management industries. This includes standardised methods to perform migration, extraction, and leaching studies. This review provides an overview of the approaches and methods used to characterise additives and their leaching behaviour from plastic pollution. The limitations of these methods are highlighted and compared with industry standardised approaches. Furthermore, an overview of the analytical strategies for the identification and quantification of additives is presented. This work provides a basis for refining current leaching approaches and analytical methods with a view towards understanding the risk of plastic pollution.
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页数:23
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