Influence of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot in adult women in ankle isokinetic performance: a cross-sectional study

Background Maintenance of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) of the foot is fundamental during functional tasks and disorders can lead to clinical alterations. Studies have demonstrated that deficits in ankle isokinetic performance can predispose an individual to lower limb injuries. Objectives To evaluate the muscular performance of cavus, planus, and normal feet by means of torque/body mass and the isokinetic phases, to generate 3D surface map analysis, and to verify whether there is a relationship between MLA height and arch height flexibility with isokinetic performance. Methods The sample consisted of 105 healthy adult women, divided into three groups: normal, cavus, and planus. Assessment in concentric mode at 30, 60, and 90 degrees/s in the dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the ankle joint were analyzed during the three isokinetic phases (acceleration, sustained velocity, and deceleration). The variables total range of motion, peak of torque (PT), and angle of PT were extracted within the sustained velocity. Results In dorsiflexion at 60 degrees/s, the phase where the velocicty is sustained (load range phase) was higher in the planus group (MeanDifference=10.9 %; omega(2)(p) = 0.06) when compared with the cavus group. Deficits in the peak torque/body mass in dorsiflexion at 60 degrees/s (cavus feet: MD=-3 N.m/kg; omega(2)(p) = 0.06; and planus feet: MD=-1.1 N.m/kg; omega(2)(p) = 0.06) were also observed as well as in the 3D surface maps, when compared with the normal group. The flexibility of MLA had a negative correlation of PT at 30 degrees/s in cavus group. The heigth of MLA had a postive correlation with the PT for the cavus and planus group ate 60 degrees/s. All other results did not show differences between the groups. Conclusions The planus groups showed a better capacity of attain and sustained the velocity in dorsiflexion in relation the cavus group. The cavus and planus group had deficts in torque in relation the normal. The correlations were weak between the measures of MLA and PT. Thereby, in general the differences between foot types showed small effect in isokinetic muscle performance measures of the plantar and dorsi flexores.