Cephalometric appraisal of posttreatment vertical changes in adult orthodontic patients

The purpose of this study was to evaluate vertical facial changes in adult orthodontic patients and to evaluate the stability of these changes. Thirty-three patients (8 males and 25 females) were examined. The patients had been treated with full fixed edgewise appliance mechanics and exhibited at least 1.0 degrees of clockwise rotation of the mandible during treatment. Mandibular rotation was determined by the angular change in the Y-axis to the Frankfort plane. Twelve angular and 14 linear skeletal and dental measurements and 3 skeletal ratios were derived from pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and postretention (T3) cephalometric radiographs. Paired t tests were used to compare vertical changes that occurred as a result of orthodontic treatment and their stability or relapse tendency during the retention and postretention periods. Twenty-five percent (P < .001) of the opening rotation of the mandible recovered during the posttreatment period, resulting in a significant overall rotation that was maintained. Both treatment and posttreatment changes in the Y-axis angle showed a high correlation with the horizontal position of pogonion (r = -0.797 and -0.889, respectively). Only overjet showed a low correlation between treatment changes and posttreatment changes in the Y-axis angle. Stepwise regression analysis of pretreatment variables and treatment changes failed to predict the behavior of the Y-axis angle change.