Triply charged monopole and magnetic quarks

We describe the internal composition of a topologically stable monopole carrying a magnetic charge of 6 pi/e that arises from the spontaneous breaking of the trinification symmetry SU(3)(c) x SU(3)(L) x SU(3)(R) (G). Since this monopole carries no color magnetic charge, a charge of 6 pi/e is required by the Dirac quantization condition. The breaking of G to the Standard Model occurs in a number of steps and yields the desired topologically stable monopole ("magnetic baryon"), consisting of three confined monopoles. The confined monopoles ("magnetic quarks") each carry a combination of Coulomb magnetic flux and magnetic flux tubes, and therefore they do not exist as isolated states. We also display a more elaborate configuration ("fang necklace") composed of these magnetic quarks. In contrast to the SU(5) monopole which is superheavy and carries a magnetic charge of 2 pi/e as well as color magnetic charge, the trinification monopole may have mass in the TeV range, in which case it may be accessible at the LHC and its planned upgrades. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.