Gaia Early Data Release 3 Summary of the contents and survey properties

被引：2738

作者：

Brown, A. G. A. ^{[1
]}

Vallenari, A. ^{[2
]}

Prusti, T. ^{[3
]}

de Bruijne, J. H. J. ^{[3
]}

Babusiaux, C. ^{[4
,5
]}

Biermann, M. ^{[6
]}

Creevey, O. L. ^{[7
]}

Evans, D. W. ^{[8
]}

Eyer, L. ^{[9
]}

Hutton, A. ^{[10
]}

Jansen, F. ^{[3
]}

Jordi, C. ^{[11
]}

Klioner, S. A. ^{[12
]}

Lammers, U. ^{[13
]}

Lindegren, L. ^{[14
]}

Luri, X. ^{[11
]}

Mignard, F. ^{[7
]}

Panem, C. ^{[15
]}

Pourbaix, D. ^{[16
,17
]}

Randich, S. ^{[18
]}

Sartoretti, P. ^{[5
]}

Soubiran, C. ^{[19
]}

Walton, N. A. ^{[8
]}

Arenou, F. ^{[5
]}

Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. ^{[20
]}

Bastian, U. ^{[6
]}

Cropper, M. ^{[21
]}

Drimmel, R. ^{[22
]}

Katz, D. ^{[5
]}

Lattanzi, M. G. ^{[22
,23
]}

van Leeuwen, F. ^{[8
]}

Bakker, J. ^{[13
]}

Cacciari, C. ^{[24
]}

Castaneda, J. ^{[25
]}

De Angeli, F. ^{[8
]}

Ducourant, C. ^{[19
]}

Fabricius, C. ^{[11
]}

Fouesneau, M. ^{[20
]}

Fremat, Y. ^{[26
]}

Guerra, R. ^{[13
]}

Guerrier, A. ^{[15
]}

Guiraud, J. ^{[15
]}

Jean-Antoine Piccolo, A. ^{[15
]}

Masana, E. ^{[11
]}

Messineo, R. ^{[27
]}

Mowlavi, N. ^{[9
]}

Nicolas, C. ^{[15
]}

Nienartowicz, K. ^{[28
,29
]}

Pailler, F. ^{[15
]}

Panuzzo, P. ^{[5
]}

机构：

[1] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands

[2] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[3] European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESTEC, European Space Agcy ESA, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands

[4] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France

[5] Univ PSL, CNRS, GEPI, Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France

[6] Heidelberg Univ, Astron Rechen Inst, Zentrum Astron, Monchhofstr 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

[7] Univ Cote dAzur, CNRS, Lab Lagrange, Observ Cote dAzur, Bd Observ,CS 34229, F-06304 Nice 4, France

[8] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

[9] Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, Chemin Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

[10] Aurora Technol European Space Agcy ESA, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain

[11] Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, Inst Ciencies Cosmos ICCUB, Marti & Franques 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain

[12] Tech Univ Dresden, Lohrmann Observ, Mommsenstr 13, D-01062 Dresden, Germany

[13] European Space Astron Ctr ESAC, European Space Agcy ESA, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain

[14] Lund Univ, Dept Astron & Theoret Phys, Lund Observ, Box 43, S-22100 Lund, Sweden

[15] CNES Ctr Spatial Toulouse, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France

[16] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Inst Astron & Astrophys, CP 226,Blvd Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[17] FRS FNRS, Rue Egmont 5, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium

[18] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, I-555 Florence, Italy

[19] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, B18N,Allee Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, France

[20] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[21] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England

[22] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy

[23] Univ Turin, Dept Phys, Via Pietro Giuria 1, I-155 Turin, Italy

[24] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis & Sci Spazio Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93-3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[25] Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, DAPCOM Inst Ciencies Cosmos ICCUB, Marti & Franques 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain

[26] Royal Observ Belgium, Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium

[27] ALTEC SpA, Corso Marche 79, I-10146 Turin, Italy

[28] Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, Chemin Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

[29] Sednai Sarl, Geneva, Switzerland

[30] ESAC, Gaia DPAC Project Off, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain

[31] European Space Agcy ESA, Telespazio Vega UK Ltd, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain

[32] Univ PSL, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, SYRTE,Observ Paris,LNE, 61 Ave Observ, F-75014 Paris, France

[33] Natl Observ Athens, Athens 15236, Greece

[34] Univ Lille, Observ Paris, Univ PSL, Sorbonne Univ,IMCCE,CNRS, 77 Av Denfert Rochereau, F-75014 Paris, France

[35] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy

[36] Serco Gest Negocios European Space Agcy ESA, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain

[37] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, 19c Allee 6 Aout, B-4000 Liege, Belgium

[38] CRAAG Ctr Rech Astron Astrophys & Geophys, Route Observ Bp 63 Bouzareah, Algiers 16340, Algeria

[39] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Royal Observ, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland

[40] ATG Europe European Space Agcy ESA, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain

[41] Univ Vigo, ETSE Telecomunicac, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain

[42] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, Observ Astron Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 11 Rue Univ, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

[43] Kavli Inst Cosmol Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

[44] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Dept Astrophys Astron & Mech, Athens 15783, Greece

[45] Uppsala Univ, Div Astron & Space Phys, Dept Phys & Astron, Observat Astrophys, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden

[46] Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam AIP, Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany

[47] Univ Lisbon, CENTRA, Fac Ciencias, Edif C8, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal

[48] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Informat, Donald Bren Sch Informat & Comp Sci, 5019 Donald Bren Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA

[49] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron Ettore Majorana, Via S Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy

[50] Univ A Coruna, Dept Naut Sci & Marine Engn, CITIC, Campus Elvina S-N, La Coruna 15071, Spain

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2021年 / 649卷

基金：

巴西圣保罗研究基金会; 爱尔兰科学基金会; 以色列科学基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会; 瑞士国家科学基金会; 欧洲研究理事会; 芬兰科学院; 美国国家科学基金会; 英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会;

关键词：

catalogs; astrometry; parallaxes; proper motions; techniques; photometric; techniques: radial velocities; CROSS-MATCH; CATALOG; ALGORITHMS; ASTROPY; SYSTEM; POINT;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/202039657

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Context. We present the early installment of the third Gaia data release, Gaia EDR3, consisting of astrometry and photometry for 1.8 billion sources brighter than magnitude 21, complemented with the list of radial velocities from Gaia DR2. Aims. A summary of the contents of Gaia EDR3 is presented, accompanied by a discussion on the differences with respect to Gaia DR2 and an overview of the main limitations which are present in the survey. Recommendations are made on the responsible use of Gaia EDR3 results. Methods. The raw data collected with the Gaia instruments during the first 34 months of the mission have been processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium and turned into this early third data release, which represents a major advance with respect to Gaia DR2 in terms of astrometric and photometric precision, accuracy, and homogeneity. Results. Gaia EDR3 contains celestial positions and the apparent brightness in G for approximately 1.8 billion sources. For 1.5 billion of those sources, parallaxes, proper motions, and the (G(BP) - G(RP)) colour are also available. The passbands for G, G(BP), and G(RP) are provided as part of the release. For ease of use, the 7 million radial velocities from Gaia DR2 are included in this release, after the removal of a small number of spurious values. New radial velocities will appear as part of Gaia DR3. Finally, Gaia EDR3 represents an updated materialisation of the celestial reference frame (CRF) in the optical, the Gaia-CRF3, which is based solely on extragalactic sources. The creation of the source list for Gaia EDR3 includes enhancements that make it more robust with respect to high proper motion stars, and the disturbing effects of spurious and partially resolved sources. The source list is largely the same as that for Gaia DR2, but it does feature new sources and there are some notable changes. The source list will not change for Gaia DR3. Conclusions. Gaia EDR3 represents a significant advance over Gaia DR2, with parallax precisions increased by 30 per cent, proper motion precisions increased by a factor of 2, and the systematic errors in the astrometry suppressed by 30-40% for the parallaxes and by a factor similar to 2.5 for the proper motions. The photometry also features increased precision, but above all much better homogeneity across colour, magnitude, and celestial position. A single passband for G, G(BP), and G(RP) is valid over the entire magnitude and colour range, with no systematics above the 1% level

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页数：20

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