The effects of supervised exercise training 12-24 months after bariatric surgery on physical function and body composition: a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is effective for the treatment of stage II and III obesity and its related diseases, although increasing evidence is showing weight regain similar to 12-24 months postsurgery. Weight regain increases the risk of physical function decline, which negatively affects an individual's ability to undertake activities of daily living. The study assessed the effects of a 12-week supervised exercise intervention on physical function and body composition in patients between 12 and 24 months post bariatric surgery. METHODS: Twenty-four inactive adult bariatric surgery patients whose body mass index remained >= 30 kg m(2) 12 to 24 months post surgery were randomised to an exercise intervention (n = 12) or control group (n = 12). Supervised exercise consisted of three 60-min gym sessions per week of moderate intensity aerobic and resistance training for 12 weeks. Control participants received usual care. The incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) was used to assess functional walking performance after the 12-week exercise intervention, and at 24 weeks follow-up. Measures of anthropometric, physical activity, cardiovascular and psychological outcomes were also examined. Using an intention-to-treat protocol, independent t-tests were used to compare outcome measures between groups. RESULTS: Significant improvements in the exercise group were observed for the ISWT, body composition, physical function, cardiovascular and self-efficacy measures from baseline to 12 weeks. A large baseline to 12-week change was observed for the ISWT (exercise: 325.00 +/- 117.28 m; control: 355.00 +/- 80.62 m, P < 0.001). The exercise group at 24 weeks recorded an overall mean improvement of 143.3 +/- 86.6 m and the control group recorded a reduction of -32.50 +/- 75.93 m. Findings show a 5.6 kg difference between groups in body mass change from baseline to 24 weeks favouring the exercise group. CONCLUSIONS: A 12-week supervised exercise intervention led to significant improvements in body mass and functional walking ability post intervention, with further improvements at the 24-week follow-up.