Changes in Female Rape Myth Acceptance Among College Students: A 20-Year Perspective

In this study, we compared changes in female rape myth acceptance (RMA) between 1998 and 2018 in two separate samples of college students from the same university in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The primary measure was the Attitudes Toward Rape Victims Scale (ARVS). First, we examined the factor structure of the ARVS with confirmatory factor analysis, finding good fit for a four-factor model comprising Assigning Blame or Responsibility to the Victim (Blame/Responsibility), Considering the Victim as Deserving of Sexual Violence (Deserving), Undermining the Victim's Credibility (Undermine Credibility), and Trivializing the Experience or Denigrating the Victim (Trivialization/Denigration). Second, we used profile analysis, a type of multivariate repeated-measures ANOVA, to examine the main and interactive effects of Survey Year, Gender, and ARVS Subscale and Item within each subscale. At the subscale level, we found large main effects for Survey Year, Gender, and Subscale, with lower scores for the 2018 sample, women, and Deserving and Trivialization/Denigration, relative to Undermine Credibility and Blame/Responsibility. We also found interactions between Survey Year and Subscale and Gender and Subscale, indicating non-parallel profiles for the 1998 versus 2018 samples and women versus men. We found similar patterns at the item level within each subscale. These results indicate a substantial decline of female RMA in college students over a 20-year period, replicate the well-established gender difference in female RMA, and demonstrate that RMA varies by item content.