Colorectal endometriosis-associated infertility: should surgery precede ART?

Objective: To compare the impact of first-line assisted reproductive technology (ART; intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]-IVF) and first-line colorectal surgery followed by ART on fertility outcomes in women with colorectal endometriosis-associated infertility. Design: Retrospective matched cohort study using propensity score (PS) matching (PSM) analysis. Setting: University referral centers. Patient(s): A total of 110 women were analyzed from January 2005 to June 2014. A PSM was generated using a logistic regression model based on the age, antimullerian hormone (AMH) serum level, and presence of adenomyosis to compare the treatment strategy. Intervention(s): First-line surgery group followed by ART versus exclusive ART with in situ colorectal endometriosis. Main Outcome Measure(s): After PSM, pregnancy rates (PRs), live-birth rates (LBRs), and cumulative rates (CRs) were estimated. Result(s): After PSM, in the whole population, the total LBR and PR were 35.4% (39/110) and 49% (54/110), respectively. The specific cumulative LBR at the first ICSI-IVF cycle in the first-line surgery group compared with the first-line ART was, respectively, 32.7% versus 13.0%; at the second cycle, 58.9% versus 24.8%; and at the third cycle, 70.6% versus 54.9%. The cumulative LBRs were significantly higher for women who underwent first-line surgery followed by ART compared with first-line ART in the subset of women with good prognosis (age % 35 years and AMH R 2 ng/mL and no adenomyosis) and women with AMH serum level < 2 ng/mL. Conclusion(s): First-line surgery may be a good option for women with colorectal endometriosis-associated infertility. (C) 2017 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.