DISCOVERY OF THE BOUND STATE OF THREE GLUONS - ODDERON

At the end of December 2020, two collaborations: TOTEM (CERN) and DO (Fermi National Laboratory, USA) published the results of joint studies which manifested the discovery of a bound state of gluons: odderon. The existence of this state was predicted based on quantum chromodynamics about 50 years ago, but for a long time, it was not possible to prove its existence experimentally. The discovery was made possible by comparing the differential cross-sections of proton-proton scattering with the cross-sections of the proton-antiproton scattering. The difference in cross-sections corresponds exactly to the theoretical calculations of the contribution of odderon to the scattering amplitude. Active role in the experiments at DO, and in general in search of glueballs during previous years, played our Kyiv group. The discovery is already considered one of the most important at CERN and Fermilab.