Real-Time Multiscale Monitoring and Tailoring of Graphene Growth on Liquid Copper

被引:36
作者
Jankowski, Maciej [1 ,2 ]
Saedi, Mehdi [8 ]
La Porta, Francesco [2 ]
Manikas, Anastasios C. [3 ,4 ]
Tsakonas, Christos [3 ,4 ]
Cingolani, Juan S. [5 ,6 ]
Andersen, Mie [5 ,6 ]
de Voogd, Marc [7 ]
van Baarle, Gertjan J. C. [7 ]
Reuter, Karsten [5 ,6 ]
Galiotis, Costas [3 ,4 ]
Renaud, Gilles [1 ]
Konovalov, Oleg, V [2 ]
Groot, Irene M. N. [8 ]
机构
[1] Univ Grenoble Alpes, IRIG MEM NRS, CEA, F-38000 Grenoble, France
[2] ESRF European Synchrotron, F-38043 Grenoble, France
[3] Univ Patras, FORTH ICE HT, Patras 26504, Greece
[4] Univ Patras, Dept Chem Engn, Patras 26504, Greece
[5] Tech Univ Munich, Chair Theoret Chem, D-85747 Garching, Germany
[6] Tech Univ Munich, Catalysis Res Ctr, D-85747 Garching, Germany
[7] Leiden Probe Microscopy LPM, NL-2331 BA Leiden, Netherlands
[8] Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
关键词
CVD graphene; liquid metal catalyst; two-dimensional materials; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; radiation optical microscopy; self-organization; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GRAPHENE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-QUALITY; METAL; ORIENTATION; FLAKES; FILMS;
D O I
10.1021/acsnano.0c10377
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
The synthesis of large, defect-free two-dimensional materials (2DMs) such as graphene is a major challenge toward industrial applications. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on liquid metal catalysts (LMCats) is a recently developed process for the fast synthesis of high-quality single crystals of 2DMs. However, up to now, the lack of in situ techniques enabling direct feedback on the growth has limited our understanding of the process dynamics and primarily led to empirical growth recipes. Thus, an in situ multiscale monitoring of the 2DMs structure, coupled with a real-time control of the growth parameters, is necessary for efficient synthesis. Here we report real-time monitoring of graphene growth on liquid copper (at 1370 K under atmospheric pressure CVD conditions) via four complementary in situ methods: synchrotron X-ray diffraction and reflectivity, Raman spectroscopy, and radiation-mode optical microscopy. This has allowed us to control graphene growth parameters such as shape, dispersion, and the hexagonal supra-organization with very high accuracy. Furthermore, the switch from continuous polycrystalline film to the growth of millimeter-sized defect-free single crystals could also be accomplished. The presented results have far-reaching consequences for studying and tailoring 2D material formation processes on LMCats under CVD growth conditions. Finally, the experimental observations are supported by multiscale modeling that has thrown light into the underlying mechanisms of graphene growth.
引用
收藏
页码:9638 / 9648
页数:11
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