Identification of genetic variation in some faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes grown in Iraq estimated with RAPD and SDS-PAGE of seed proteins

Genetic diversity was estimated among ten faba bean genotypes grown in Iraq using RAPD-PCR and biochemical (SDS-PAGE) markers. Out of 18 RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) primers, 16 were found polymorphic. A total of 140 amplified bands and 75 polymorphic allelic variants were observed, ranging from 2 to 9 per locus with an average of 4.68. Out of 75 polymorphic bands, a total of 7 unique bands (4 positives and 3 negatives) were registered, and could be deemed for marker assisted selection. Genetic distance coefficients between the genotypes ranged from 0.400 to 0.725. Cluster analysis was carried out using the average linkage method and Jaccard coefficient was used to construct a dendrogram. The faba bean genotypes were clustered into five major groups at distance level of 25. Group A comprised of Zaffaron, Yieldiz, Viola, Local Check-Australia, Tolera and Zaina, while group B comprised of Baby Green and Seher grouped in the C. Further, group D comprised of Swri and group E included Cirilla. The maximum similarity among faba bean genotypes was revealed between Zaffaron and Yieldiz, whereas the most distant genotypes in the dendrogram were Swri and Cirilla. The results of SDS-PAGE revealed a total number of 10 protein bands with different mol wt. Data of SDS-PAGE exhibited only 5 protein polymorphic bands with 50% polymorphism. The SDS-PAGE analysis of seed protein profiles created three major clusters at distance levels of 12. The cluster I included Zaina, Zaffaron, Swri and Seher. The cluster II comprised Yieldiz, Baby green, Tolera, Viola and Cirilla. The last cluster included Local check-Australlia. In conclusion, this information would be useful for future genome mapping program. RAPD analysis would also assist faba bean breeders as index to develop genotypes with varied genetic background in order to realize sustainability in faba bean production in the country. The present study also showed that numerical analysis of seed protein profiles displays no final response to the identity of faba bean genotypes. However, the method can supply information for the discrimination of faba bean genotypes in Iraq.