Precise measurements of enthalpy of postspinel transition in Mg2SiO4 and application to the phase boundary calculation

Drop solution enthalpies (H degrees(d-s)) of Mg2SiO4 ringwoodite, Mg2SiO4 forsterite, perovskite-type MgSiO3 (bridgmanite), and MgSiO3 enstatite were measured using a single batch of 2PbOB(2)O(3) solvent at 978K. From the obtained H degrees(d-s) values of Mg2SiO4 ringwoodite, MgSiO3 bridgmanite, and MgO, an enthalpy of the postspinel phase transition, Mg2SiO4 ringwoodite=MgSiO3 bridgmanite+MgO, was determined to be 78.542.28kJ/mol. Thermodynamic calculations using the obtained phase transition enthalpy and available thermochemical and thermoelastic data provided the phase transition pressure of 23.11.4GPa at 298K. This value is comparable to those at about 2000K determined by previous experimental and theoretical studies, implying a considerably gentle Clapeyron slope. Thermodynamic calculations of the postspinel boundary at high temperatures in the anhydrous condition by changing thermochemical and thermoelastic parameters within the uncertainties suggested that the postspinel transition pressure of Mg2SiO4 at high temperature is lower than the pressure corresponding to the global average depth of the 660km seismic discontinuity in the Earth's mantle (similar to 23.5GPa) estimated from one-dimensional reference Earth models and that a most likely Clapeyron slope is about -1MPa/K. The postspinel transition in the hydrous condition with about 2wt% H2O, which shows higher transition pressure and steeper Clapeyron slope than those in the anhydrous condition, gives a plausible explanation for seismic observations on the 660km discontinuity, and therefore, hydrous mantle transition zone would be required.