Gender Equality in Europe and the Effect of Work-Family Balance Policies on Gender-Role Attitudes

被引:38
作者
Lomazzi, Vera [1 ]
Israel, Sabine [1 ]
Crespi, Isabella [2 ]
机构
[1] GESIS Leibniz Inst Social Sci, Data Arch Social Sci, D-50667 Cologne, Germany
[2] Univ Macerata, Dept Educ Cultural Heritage & Tourism, I-62100 Macerata, Italy
来源
SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL | 2019年 / 8卷 / 01期
关键词
gender equality; work-family balance; gender-role attitudes; childcare; working time; multilevel analysis; CROSS-NATIONAL ANALYSIS; MALE BREADWINNER MODEL; DIVISION-OF-LABOR; INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION; MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE; WOMENS EMPLOYMENT; CHILD-CARE; GERMANY; HOUSEWORK; IDEOLOGY;
D O I
10.3390/socsci8010005
中图分类号
C [社会科学总论];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ;
摘要
This study starts from the assumption that the context of opportunities for work-family balance affects individual attitudes toward gender roles, a main indicator of support for gender equality. Compared with extant research, the present study adopts a more articulated definition of "opportunity structure" that includes national income level and social norms on gender attitudes, measures of gender-mainstreaming policies implemented at the company level (flextime), and different work-family balance policies in support of the dual-earner/dual-caregiver family model (e.g., parental-leave schemes and childcare provisions). The effects of these factors are estimated by performing a cross-sectional multilevel analysis for the year 2014. Gender-role attitudes and micro-level controls are taken from the Eurobarometer for all 28 European Union (EU) members, while macro-indicators stem from Eurostat, European Quality of Work Survey, and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Our results show that both institutional and workplace arrangements supporting the dual-earner/dual-caregiver family model are associated with more egalitarian gender-role attitudes This is particularly true concerning availability of formal childcare for 0- to 3-year-olds among institutional factors, as well as work-schedule flexibility among workplace factors, probably as they enable a combination of care and paid work for both men and women.
引用
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页数:29
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