HIGH-FREQUENCY EX VIVO ULTRASOUND IMAGING OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM

A 50 MHz array-based imaging system was used to obtain high-resolution images of the ear and auditory system. This previously described custom built imaging system (Brown et al. 2004a, 2004b; Brown and Lockwood 2005) is capable of 50 mu m axial resolution, and lateral resolution varying from 80 mu m to 130 mu m over a 5.12 mm scan depth. The imaging system is based on a 2 mm diameter, seven-element equal-area annular array, and a digital beamformer that uses high-speed field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The images produced by this system have shown far superior depth of field compared with commercially available single-element systems. Ex vivo, three-dimensional (3-D) images were obtained of human cadaveric tissues including the ossicles (stapes, incus, malleus) and the tympanic membrane. In addition, two-dimensional (2-D) images were obtained of an intact cochlea by imaging through the round window membrane. The basilar membrane inside the cochlea could clearly be visualized. These images demonstrate that high-frequency ultrasound imaging of the middle and inner ear can provide valuable diagnostic information using minimally invasive techniques that could potentially be implemented in vivo. (E-mail: J.Brown@dal.ca) (C) 2009 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.