Case report of severe acute eosinophilic pneumonia induced by amoxicillin

Introduction. - Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a rare and potentially severe disorder, characterized by an acute febrile respiratory illness with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, pleural effusions and an eosinophilic alveolitis identified on broncho-alveolar lavage or lung biopsy. The condition can be idiopathic, or induced by the inhalation of toxic substances, by infections or by medications. The condition tends to respond rapidly to treatment with systemic steroids. Case report. - We report the case of a 16-year old patient who presented severe acute interstitial pneumonia with eosinophilia (1.17 g/L). They had taken a seven-day course of amoxicillin treatment two weeks previously for a dental abscess. The patient initially required respiratory support by mechanical ventilation followed by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation due to severe refractory hypoxemia. After exhaustive investigation a diagnosis of amoxicillin-induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia was made. After steroid treatment was initiated the clinical response was rapidly favorable and remission was achieved. The patient has been advised to avoid beta lactam antibiotics for life. Conclusion. - This case illustrates a rare case of severe acute eosinophilic pneumonia induced by amoxicillin. (C) 2021 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.