Species by Environment Interactions Affect Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Expression in Senecio jacobaea, Senecio aquaticus, and Their Hybrids

被引:50
作者
Kirk, Heather [1 ]
Vrieling, Klaas [1 ]
Van Der Meijden, Eddy [1 ]
Klinkhamer, Peter G. L. [1 ]
机构
[1] Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, Plant Ecol Sect, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
Hybridization; Secondary metabolite diversity; Plant resistance; Alkaloid composition; Phenotypic plasticity; HYBRIDIZATION; HERBIVORE; RESISTANCE; ASTERACEAE; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; PLANTS; ROOT; AVAILABILITY; ADAPTATION;
D O I
10.1007/s10886-010-9772-8
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
We examined the effects of water and nutrient availability on the expression of the defense pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in Senecio jacobaea and S. aquaticus. Senecio jacobaea, and S. aquaticus are adapted to different natural habitats, characterized by differing abiotic conditions and different selection pressures from natural enemies. We tested if PA concentration and diversity are plastic over a range of water and nutrient treatments, and also whether such plasticity is dependent on plant species. We also tested the hypothesis that hybridization may contribute to PA diversity within plants, by comparing PA expression in parental species to that in artificially generated F(1) hybrids, and also in later generation natural hybrids between S. jacobaea and S. aquaticus. We showed that total PA concentration in roots and shoots is not dependent on species, but that species determines the pattern of PA diversification. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid diversity and concentration are both dependent on environmental factors. Hybrids produce a putatively novel PA, and this PA is conserved in natural hybrids, that are backcrossed to S. jacobaea. Natural hybrids that are backcrossed several times to S. jacobaea are with regard to PA diversity significantly different from S. jacobaea but not from S. aquaticus, while F(1) hybrids are in all cases more similar to S. jacobaea. These results collectively suggest that PA diversity is under the influence of natural selection.
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页码:378 / 387
页数:10
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