Impurity profiling of trinitrotoluene using vacuum-outlet gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

被引:15
作者
Brust, Hanneke [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Willemse, Sander [1 ]
Zeng, Tuoyu [1 ]
van Asten, Arian [1 ,2 ,4 ]
Koeberg, Mattijs [2 ]
van der Heijden, Antoine [3 ,5 ]
Bolck, Annabel [2 ]
Schoenmakers, Peter [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Amsterdam, vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, NL-1090 GD Amsterdam, Netherlands
[2] Netherlands Forens Inst, NL-2490 AA The Hague, Netherlands
[3] TNO Def Secur & Safety, NL-2280 AA Rijswijk, Netherlands
[4] Amsterdam Ctr Forens Sci & Med, CLHC, NL-1090 GD Amsterdam, Netherlands
[5] Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands
关键词
Trinitrotoluene; Vacuum-outlet GC-MS; Impurity profiling; Explosives; Forensic science; TNT; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; INCREASED SPEED; TRACE ANALYSIS; COLUMNS; EXPLOSIVES; OPERATION; ISOMERS; SYSTEMS;
D O I
10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.055
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
In this work, a reliable and robust vacuum-outlet gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method is introduced for the identification and quantification of impurities in trinitrotoluene (TNT). Vacuum-outlet GC MS allows for short analysis times; the analysis of impurities in TNT was performed in 4 min. This study shows that impurity profiling of TNT can be used to investigate relations between TNT samples encountered in forensic casework. A wide variety of TNT samples were analyzed with the developed method. Dinitrobenzene, dinitrotoluene, trinitrotoluene and amino-dinitrotoluene isomers were detected at very low levels (<1 wt.%) by applying the MS in selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Limits of detection ranged from 6 ng/mL for 2,6-dinitrotoluene to 43 ng/mL for 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene. Major impurities in TNT were 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,3,4-trinitrotoluene. Impurity profiles based on seven compounds showed to be useful to TNT samples from different sources. Statistical analysis of these impurity profiles using likelihood ratios demonstrated the potential to investigate whether two questioned TNT samples encountered in forensic casework are from the same source. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:224 / 230
页数:7
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