Circulating MIF Levels Predict Clinical Outcomes in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the value of admission macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels in predicting clinical outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Methods: For this study we recruited 498 STEMI patients after they received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 40 with stable angina pectoris and 137 healthy participants. Plasma MIF levels were measured at admission and after PCI. The primary end points were inhospital mortality and major adverse cardio-and/or cerebrovascular events (MACCE) during hospitalization and 3.2-year follow-up period. Results: Admission MIF levels were elevated in 88.4% of STEMI patients over the upper reference limit of healthy controls and it was 3- to 7-fold higher than that in stable angina pectoris and control groups (122 +/- 61 vs 39 +/- 19 vs 17 +/- 8 ng/mL; P < 0.001). Admission MIF levels were significantly higher in patients who died after myocardial infarction vs survivors. For predicting in-hospital mortality using the optimal cutoff value (127.8 ng/mL) of MIF, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for MIF was 0.820, similar area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for predicting short-term outcomes were observed for high-sensitivity troponin T, CK-MB, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide, and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score. Although peak high-sensitivity troponin T and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide also predicted MACCE during the follow-up period, only higher admission MIF levels predicted in-hospital mortality and MACCE during the 3.2-year follow-up. Multivariate regression analysis showed the independent predictive value of a higher admission MIF level (>= 127.8 ng/mL) on in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 9.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-47.2) and 3.2-year MACCE (hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-5.6). Conclusions: A higher admission MIF level is an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality and long-term MACCE in STEMI patients who underwent PCI.