Adaptive functioning in Williams syndrome and its relation to demographic variables and family environment

This study assessed adaptive functioning in children and adults with Williams syndrome. The aims were to: (I) profile adaptive functioning; (2) investigate the relationship between adaptive functions and gender, CA, and IQ; (3) investigate the relationship between levels of adaptive functioning and family environment characteristics. In line with predictions: (1) there was extensive variability in adaptive functions; (2) neither gender nor IQ were significantly related to adaptive skills, but Communication skills and Interpersonal Relationship skills failed to make appropriate gains relative to same aged peers and (3) adaptive functioning was significantly related to family environment. Practical and clinical implications are discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.