POTASSIUM AND ROOT DISTRIBUTION IN SOIL AND CORN GROWTH IN LONG-TERM SOIL MANAGEMENT AND FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS

Soil tillage systems can greatly influence potassium and root distribution in the soil and, as a result, affect corn growth and development. To improve the understanding of these interrelationships, a soil was analyzed after 18 years of cultivation under different management systems. A detailed soil sampling was carried out in a clayey Red Argisol (Udult) profile in the beginning of the grain filling stage of corn in the 2006/07 growing season. The experimental design consisted of a completely randomized scheme with two replicates, with the following treatments: conventional tillage (Con) and no-tillage (Dir) with potassium fertilization: along the rows (Fx), broadcast (Lan) and in stripes (Lin). Independently of the soil and fertilizer management, potassium formed gradients from the soil surface downwards and around the corn plant stem. The gradients, however, differed according to the soil management; concentrations were higher at the surface under no-tillage, regardless of the fertilization method. Maize roots were concentrated predominantly in the soil surface layer, with greater growth in no-tillage. Potassium uptake and maize growth were not associated with K distribution in soil and roots. The efficiency of K use by plants was increased by the broadcast application of potassium fertilizer, regardless of the tillage system.