The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Two terrestrial planets orbiting G 264-012 and one terrestrial planet orbiting Gl 393

被引：20

作者：

Amado, P. J. ^{[1
]}

Bauer, F. F. ^{[1
]}

Lopez, C. Rodriguez ^{[1
]}

Rodriguez, E. ^{[1
]}

Guillen, C. Cardona ^{[2
,3
]}

Perger, M. ^{[6
,7
]}

Caballero, J. A. ^{[4
]}

Lopez-Gonzalez, M. J. ^{[1
]}

Rodriguez, I. Munoz ^{[5
]}

Pozuelos, F. J. ^{[8
,26
]}

Sanchez-Rivero, A. ^{[1
]}

Schlecker, M. ^{[9
]}

Quirrenbach, A. ^{[10
]}

Ribas, I ^{[6
,7
]}

Reiners, A. ^{[11
]}

Almenara, J. ^{[12
]}

Astudillo-Defru, N. ^{[13
]}

Azzaro, M. ^{[14
]}

Bejar, V. J. S. ^{[2
,3
]}

Bohemann, R. ^{[11
]}

Bonfils, X. ^{[12
]}

Bouchy, F. ^{[15
]}

Cifuentes, C. ^{[4
]}

Cortes-Contreras, M. ^{[4
]}

Delfosse, X. ^{[12
]}

Dreizler, S. ^{[11
]}

Forveille, T. ^{[12
]}

Hatzes, A. P. ^{[16
]}

Henning, Th ^{[9
]}

Jeffers, S., V ^{[25
]}

Kaminski, A. ^{[10
]}

Kurster, M. ^{[9
]}

Lafarga, M. ^{[6
,7
]}

Lodieu, N. ^{[2
,3
]}

Lovis, C. ^{[15
]}

Mayor, M. ^{[15
]}

Montes, D. ^{[17
,18
]}

Morales, J. C. ^{[6
,7
]}

Morales, N. ^{[1
]}

Murgas, F. ^{[2
,3
]}

Ortiz, J. L. ^{[1
]}

Palle, E. ^{[2
,3
]}

Pepe, F. ^{[15
]}

Perdelwitz, V ^{[19
,22
]}

Pollaco, D. ^{[20
]}

Santos, N. C. ^{[21
,23
]}

Schofer, P. ^{[11
]}

Schweitzer, A. ^{[22
]}

Segransan, N. C. ^{[15
]}

Shan, Y. ^{[11
]}

机构：

[1] Inst Astrofis Andalucia IAA CSIC, Glorieta Astron S-N, Granada 18008, Spain

[2] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Via Lactea S-N, Tenerife 38205, Spain

[3] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife 38026, Spain

[4] ESAC, Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28049, Spain

[5] Univ Granada, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, E-18071 Granada, Spain

[6] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai ICE, Campus UAB,C de Can Magrans S-N, Barcelona 08193, Spain

[7] Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC, C Gran Capita 2-4, Barcelona 08034, Spain

[8] Univ Liege, Astrobiol Res Unit, Allee 6 Aout,19, B-4000 Liege, Sart Tilman, Belgium

[9] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[10] Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, Zentrum Astron, Konigstuhl 12, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[11] Georg August Univ, Inst Astrophys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[12] Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France

[13] Univ Catolica Santisima Concepcion, Dept Matemat & Fis Aplicadas, Alonso de Rivera 2850, Concepcion, Chile

[14] Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman CSIC Junta Andalucia, Observ Astron Calar Alto, Almeria 04550, Spain

[15] Univ Geneva, Astron Observ, 51 Ch Pegasi, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

[16] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany

[17] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Tierra & Astrofis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

[18] Univ Complutense Madrid, IPARCOS UCM Inst Fis Particulas & Cosmos UCM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

[19] Ariel Univ, Dept Phys, IL-40700 Ariel, Israel

[20] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

[21] Univ Porto, CAUP, Inst Astrofis & Ciencias Espaco, Rua Estrelas, P-4150762 Porto, Portugal

[22] Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany

[23] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis & Astron, Rua Campo Alegre, P-4169007 Porto, Portugal

[24] Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Carretera Ajalvir Km 4, Madrid 28850, Spain

[25] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[26] Univ Liege, Space Sci Technol & Astrophys Res STAR Inst, 19C Allee 6 Aout, B-4000 Liege, Belgium

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2021年 / 650卷 / 650期

基金：

欧洲研究理事会; 瑞士国家科学基金会;

关键词：

planets and satellites: detection; planets and satellites: individual: G 264-012 b; planets and satellites: individual: G 264-012 c; planets and satellites: individual: Gl 393 b; LATE-TYPE STARS; STELLAR ROTATION PERIODS; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; SUPER-EARTH; CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; NEARBY; CATALOG; SYSTEM; SKY; MEMBERS;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/202140633

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We report the discovery of two planetary systems, namely G264-012, an M4.0 dwarf with two terrestrial planets ( Mb sin i = 2:50+0:29 0:30 M and Mc sin i = 3:75+0:48 0:47 M circle plus), and Gl 393, a bright M 2.0 dwarf with one terrestrial planet (Mb sin i = 1:71 +/- 0:24 M circle plus). Although both stars were proposed to belong to young stellar kinematic groups, we estimate their ages to be older than about 700 Ma. The two planets around G264-012 were discovered using only radial-velocity (RV) data from the CARMENES exoplanet survey, with estimated orbital periods of 2:30 d and 8:05 d, respectively. Photometric monitoring and analysis of activity indicators reveal a third signal present in the RV measurements, at about 100 d, caused by stellar rotation. The planet Gl 393 b was discovered in the RV data from the HARPS, CARMENES, and HIRES instruments. Its identification was only possible after modelling, with a Gaussian process (GP), the variability produced by the magnetic activity of the star. For the earliest observations, this variability produced a forest of peaks in the periodogram of the RVs at around the 34 d rotation period determined from Kepler data, which disappeared in the latest epochs. After correcting for them with this GP model, a significant signal showed at a period of 7:03 d. No significant signals in any of our spectral activity indicators or contemporaneous photometry were found at any of the planetary periods. Given the orbital and stellar properties, the equilibrium temperatures of the three planets are all higher than that for Earth. Current planet formation theories suggest that these two systems represent a common type of architecture. This is consistent with formation following the core accretion paradigm.

引用

页数：24

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