ANOMALOUS DEVELOPMENT OF BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN SPINA BIFIDA MYELOMENINGOCELE

被引:92
作者
Juranek, Jenifer [1 ]
Salman, Michael S. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Childrens Learning Inst, Houston, TX 77225 USA
[2] Univ Manitoba, Fac Med, Childrens Hosp, Sect Pediat Neurol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
Chiari II malformation; cerebellum; neuroimaging; structure; function; cortex; corpus callosum; CHIARI-II-MALFORMATION; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; HINDBRAIN HERNIATION; FETAL SURGERY; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HYDROCEPHALIC CHILDREN; PARTIAL AGENESIS; WHITE-MATTER; DANDY-WALKER; MENINGOMYELOCELE;
D O I
10.1002/ddrr.88
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM) is a specific type of neural tube defect whereby the open neural tube at the level of the spinal cord alters brain development during early stages of gestation. Some structural anomalies are virtually unique to individuals with SBM, including a complex pattern of cerebellar dysplasia known as the Chiari II malformation. Other structural anomalies are not necessarily unique to SBM, including altered development of the corpus callosum and posterior fossa. Within SBM, tremendous heterogeneity is reflected in the degree to which brain structures are atypical in qualitative appearance and quantitative measures of morphometry. Hallmark structural features of SBM include overall reductions in posterior fossa and cerebellum size and volume. Studies of the corpus callosum have shown complex patterns of agenesis or hypoplasia along its rostral-caudal axis, with rostrum and splenium regions particularly susceptible to agenesis. Studies of cortical regions have demonstrated complex patterns of thickening, thinning, and gyrification. Diffusion tensor imaging studies have reported compromised integrity of some specific white matter pathways. Given equally complex ocular motor, motor, and cognitive phenotypes consisting of relative strengths and weaknesses that seem to align with altered structural development, studies of SBM provide new insights to our current understanding of brain structure-function associations. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:23-30.
引用
收藏
页码:23 / 30
页数:8
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