Heterologous expression of EMA-2 (equi merozoite antigen) of Theileria equi in Pichia pastoris with potential use in immunobiologics

Theileria equi, the causative agent of equine piroplasmosis, is endemic in Brazil and many other tropical and subtropical countries. It is considered one of the most important diseases of horses causing animal health problems and significant economic loss. The Protein equi merozoite antigen-2 (EMA-2) is a major surface protein that is expressed in different parasite cycle stages and induces immune response in infected animals, being a possible candidate to be used in diagnose. EMA-2 gene was cloned and expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, and the recombinant protein EMA-2 (rEMA-2) was characterized by Western Blot and indirect ELISA using equine positive sera. The ELISA results demonstrated a specificity of 90.9% and a sensitivity of 83.3% compared to the standard ELISA and being superior to immunofluorescence (80.6% of specificity and 75.0% of sensitivity) suggesting that the rEMA-2 expressed in P pastoris is a promising antigen to be used as a tool in immunodiagnostic of theileriasis.