Fiber-Optic Based Solutions for Long-Tunnels Radio Coverage and Surveillance

This article proposes fiber-optic based solutions for radio coverage and surveillance inside long road tunnels. The study is suitable for application in areas where many long mountain tunnels exist such as the well-known city of Mecca and its surrounding pilgrimage places. These particular tunnels accommodate plenty of vehicles and pedestrians during the pilgrimage period while the wireless coverage inside the tunnels is at risk and is totally lost far from the tunnel entrances. This in turn hinders emergency communications during the rush times. This research discusses ways to enhance the communication and surveillance ability inside such tunnels so that risks and accidents can be prevented, thus large number of pilgrims can be saved.