Microsurgical vasoepididymostomy: A prospective randomized study of 3 intussusception techniques in rats

Purpose: Vasoepididymostomy is a technically challenging but cost-effective treatment for obstructive azoospermia. We evaluated the outcomes of 3 intussusception vasoepididymostomy techniques, namely 3 suture triangulation, 2 suture transverse and a new 2 suture longitudinal technique. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 experimental and 1 control groups. After 3 weeks of vasal obstruction bilateral vasoepididymostomy was performed. In group 1, 3 sutures were placed in triangular fashion. In group 11, 2 sutures were placed perpendicular to the tubule. In group 111, 2 sutures were placed longitudinal to the tubule. The tubules were then opened in the direction of the needles and anastomosed to the vasa. After 5 months patency was evaluated in blinded fashion. Results: The functional patency rate (presence of motile sperm in the vas) was 64%, 64% and 93% in groups I to III, respectively (p < 0.001). As evaluated by methylene blue retrograde vasography toward the epididymis, the mechanical patency rate was similar for the 3 techniques, that is 86%, 86% and 93% in groups I to III, respectively. The sperm granuloma rate was significantly lower in group III (36%, 21% and 0% in groups I to III, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Transverse 2 suture vasoepididymostomy has a patency rate similar to that of the 3 suture technique. Our new 2 suture longitudinal technique, which allows a larger opening in the epididymal tubule for anastomosis, is superior to the 2 and 3 suture techniques with respect to the patency and sperm granuloma rates.