The ecology and evolution of temperature-dependent reaction norms for sex determination in reptiles: a mechanistic conceptual model

被引:25
作者
Pezaro, Nadav [1 ,2 ]
Doody, J. Sean [3 ]
Thompson, Michael B. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci A08, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
[2] Univ Haifa, Fac Nat Sci, Dept Evolutionary & Environm Biol, Inst Evolut, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel
[3] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
关键词
Temperature-Dependent sex determination; Sex Ratios; Developmental Plasticity; Environmental Threshold; Developmental Switch-Points; Reaction Norms; Climate Change; Reptiles; Climate Adaptation; Frequency-Dependent Selection; NEST-SITE CHOICE; THRESHOLD TRAITS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; WING DIMORPHISM; MARINE TURTLE; RATIO; LIZARD;
D O I
10.1111/brv.12285
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Sex-determining mechanisms are broadly categorised as being based on either genetic or environmental factors. Vertebrate sex determination exhibits remarkable diversity but displays distinct phylogenetic patterns. While all eutherian mammals possess XY male heterogamety and female heterogamety (ZW) is ubiquitous in birds, poikilothermic vertebrates (fish, amphibians and reptiles) exhibit multiple genetic sex-determination (GSD) systems as well as environmental sex determination (ESD). Temperature is the factor controlling ESD in reptiles and temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in reptiles has become a focal point in the study of this phenomenon. Current patterns of climate change may cause detrimental skews in the population sex ratios of reptiles exhibiting TSD. Understanding the patterns of variation, both within and among populations and linking such patterns with the selection processes they are associated with, is the central challenge of research aimed at predicting the capacity of populations to adapt to novel conditions. Here we present a conceptual model that innovates by defining an individual reaction norm for sex determination as a range of incubation temperatures. By deconstructing individual reaction norms for TSD and revealing their underlying interacting elements, we offer a conceptual solution that explains how variation among individual reaction norms can be inferred from the pattern of population reaction norms. The model also links environmental variation with the different patterns of TSD and describes the processes from which they may arise. Specific climate scenarios are singled out as eco-evolutionary traps that may lead to demographic extinction or a transition to either male or female heterogametic GSD. We describe how the conceptual principles can be applied to interpret TSD data and to explain the adaptive capacity of TSD to climate change as well as its limits and the potential applications for conservation and management programs.
引用
收藏
页码:1348 / 1364
页数:17
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