Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications of Nanocomposites in the Treatment Alzheimer's Disease Studies

Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder, refers to a particular onset and course of cognitive and functional decline associated with alteration in particular neuropathology. To combat this, Nanotechnology is an emerging field that uses nanoparticles acting at the molecular level and has a major impact on a wide variety of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, particularly in treating Alzheimer's disease. This technology is functionalized to effect at the Nanoscale dimension via the use of nanocomposites and chimeric peptides having the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) so that drugs can be delivered into the central nervous system. However, nanocomposites can be delivered by many routes acting directly on the brain with minimal side effects. Nano diagnostic techniques have prime importance in the detection of beta-amyloid complexes and in disease progression. Nanorobotic technology is used to eliminate faulty parts in our DNA structure and replace it with correct DNA sequences utilizing nanoparticles. Nanocomposites and liposomes designed using gold, silica, iron, peptides, vitamins, fullerenes, coumarins, curcumins, chitosan, selenium, polyethylene glycols, are used as a targeted drug delivery system as they are capable of carrying and delivering drugs into defective brain cells that serve as a brilliant tool for future medicine of Alzheimer's disease. Various synergistic approaches, concepts of design of nanoparticles and nanocomposites are summarised in this review indicating treatment methodologies, rapid development in this field. This review also focuses on brief information about nanoparticles used to manage Alzheimer's disease with a special focus on nanocarriers.