Ball-Type Phthalocyanines: Synthesis and Properties

Phthlocyanines (Pcs) are unique synthetic macrocycles with a long history of 100 years from their first publications and of growing interest in many fields of technology. Nevertheless, ball-type Pcs, as a new class of compounds, were first published only recently and are rather rare in the literature. But they promise applications in several fields of technology. In present review, the methods applied for the synthesis and characterization of the structures of ball-type Pes, as well as also some of their measurement techniques, are considered. In addition, the results of the investigations into the electrochemical, nonlinear optical, electrical, and gas-sensing properties of these new class of Pcs are also given.